Overview
The tiny state of Brunei consists of two enclaves on the north coast of the island of Borneo in south east Asia. A British protectorate since the 19th Century, it was the only Malay state which chose not to join the federation that became Malaysia in the 1960s. Brunei gained full independence in 1984. Its population of around 450,000 enjoys one of the highest standards of living in the world, thanks to extensive oil and gas reserves.
The country is governed by a long-standing, absolute dynastic monarchy, with a Sultan as its head. The constitution of Brunei declares that the state religion is Sunni Islam, but other religions may be practised ‘in peace and harmony’.
What it means to be a Christian in Brunei
Around 80% of Brunei’s population are Muslim. Christians and Buddhists both account for about 8%. The majority of Christians are ethnically Chinese.
A handful of historic church buildings exist in Brunei, but no new churches can be built. Christians are free to practice their faith, provided this is effectively in private. Any public expression of Christianity is not allowed. All organisations, including religious groups, must register with the authorities and list membership. Failure to do so would risk charges of unlawful assembly, fines and imprisonment. Christian groups are believed to be regularly monitored by the state’s intelligence agency.
